Overview
What Is Moyamoya Disease?
Moya Moya disease is characterized by the appearance of tiny blood vessels that form to compensate for the result of blocked arteries at the base of the brain. These compensatory vessels (which can appear as a “puff of smoke,” or moya moya in Japanese) are smaller and weaker than typical blood vessels, and more prone to bleeding, thrombosis and aneurysm formation. As the normal blood vessels narrow and become blocked, a person may suffer a stroke.
Symptoms
- A transient ischemic attack (TIA) also referred to as a minor stroke or mini stroke, can represent an important warning sign of a potential future more serious stroke. A TIA occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery for a short period of time. The symptoms of a TIA are like a stroke but are temporary, usually lasting only a few minutes to hours .
- An ischemic stroke is a much more serious version of a TIA, occurring when blood flow to the brain is blocked by a blood clot or plaque. Ischemic strokes are by far the most common type of stroke, occurring in approximately 87% of cases. Unlike a TIA, the blockage causing an ischemic stroke won’t go away on its own without urgent treatment.
Causes
Although the cause is currently unknown, researchers think moyamoya may be an inherited genetic condition because it tends to run in families.
Diagnoses
Northwestern Medicine specialists offer diagnostic tests, including a physical and neurological exam, and provide a review your family medical history. We may also provide diagnostic procedures that include:
- Computed tomography (CT) scan: This test can show bleeding in the brain or damage to brain cells caused by a stroke, and may also reveal any artery conditions that may have caused the symptoms.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Images from this test can reveal changes in brain tissue from the stroke.
- Doppler ultrasound: This special ultrasound shows the speed and direction of blood flow through the blood vessels.
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan: This test examines various body tissues to identify certain conditions by looking at blood flow, metabolism and oxygen use.
If you are diagnosed with moyamoya disease, we will work with you and your primary care physician to tailor treatment to your individual condition.