Causes and Diagnoses

Causes and Diagnoses of Acoustic Neuroma

The cause of an acoustic neuroma, also called a vestibular schwannoma, depends on its type.

• Unilateral acoustic neuromas may be caused by:
• Environmental factors like continual exposure to loud noise, such as music or machinery
• Radiation to the neck or face as a child
• Bilateral acoustic neuromas are almost always caused by neurofibromatosis-2 (NF2), a genetic condition.

Diagnosing Acoustic Neuromas

An acoustic neuroma may go undiagnosed for a long time because they typically grow slowly.

Your care team will use tests to diagnose. These may include:

• Computed tomography (CT) scan: This test combines X-ray and computer technology to make detailed cross-sectional images.
• Physical: Your physician will perform a comprehensive neurological examination, assessing your outer ear canal and eardrum, balance system, and function of other cranial nerves.
• Hearing test: A diagnostic hearing test, also known as an audiogram, can help determine if you are losing hearing.
• Vestibular testing: A set of tests using video goggles to assess balance function and determine the best plan for improving balance dysfunction.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan: This test creates detailed images using a large magnet, a computer and radiofrequencies. Unlike CT scans or X-rays, MRI does not use radiation. It is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of acoustic neuroma.